See helpen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "help"
},
"expansion": "English: help",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: help"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "help"
},
"expansion": "Scots: help",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: help"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "help"
},
"expansion": "Yola: help",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: help"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helpan"
},
"expansion": "Old English helpan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helpan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helpan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helpaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helpaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English helpan, from Proto-West Germanic *helpan, from Proto-Germanic *helpaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helpeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helpende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holp",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "holpen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to helpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "helpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "helpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halp",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helpest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halp",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helpeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "halp",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "holpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "helpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "holpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helpeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helpynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helpende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "holpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yholpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yholpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "helpen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "helpeth",
"2": "helpende",
"3": "holp",
"4": "holpen"
},
"expansion": "helpen (third-person singular simple present helpeth, present participle helpende, first-/third-person singular past indicative holp, past participle holpen)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "help",
"2": "halp",
"3": "holp",
"4": "holp",
"class": "3"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "unhelpen"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Who helped them when they were sick.",
"text": "14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 15-18.\nAnd specially from every shires ende\nOf Engelond to Caunterbury they wende,\nThe hooly blisful martir for to seke,\nThat hem hath holpen whan that they were seeke.\nAnd specially from every shire's end\nOf England to Canterbury they travel,\nTo seek the holy blessed martyr,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to help"
],
"id": "en-helpen-enm-verb--ro3vppa",
"links": [
[
"help",
"help"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "help"
},
{
"word": "elp"
},
{
"word": "helpi"
},
{
"word": "healpe"
},
{
"word": "heolpe"
},
{
"word": "halpen"
},
{
"word": "hælpan"
}
]
}
],
"word": "helpen"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "unhelpen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "help"
},
"expansion": "English: help",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: help"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "help"
},
"expansion": "Scots: help",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: help"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "help"
},
"expansion": "Yola: help",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: help"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helpan"
},
"expansion": "Old English helpan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helpan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helpan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helpaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helpaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English helpan, from Proto-West Germanic *helpan, from Proto-Germanic *helpaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helpeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helpende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holp",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "holpen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to helpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "helpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "helpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halp",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helpest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "halp",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helpeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "halp",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "holpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "helpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "holpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helpeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helpynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helpende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "holpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yholpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yholpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "helpen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "helpeth",
"2": "helpende",
"3": "holp",
"4": "holpen"
},
"expansion": "helpen (third-person singular simple present helpeth, present participle helpende, first-/third-person singular past indicative holp, past participle holpen)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "help",
"2": "halp",
"3": "holp",
"4": "holp",
"class": "3"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 3 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Who helped them when they were sick.",
"text": "14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 15-18.\nAnd specially from every shires ende\nOf Engelond to Caunterbury they wende,\nThe hooly blisful martir for to seke,\nThat hem hath holpen whan that they were seeke.\nAnd specially from every shire's end\nOf England to Canterbury they travel,\nTo seek the holy blessed martyr,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to help"
],
"links": [
[
"help",
"help"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "help"
},
{
"word": "elp"
},
{
"word": "helpi"
},
{
"word": "healpe"
},
{
"word": "heolpe"
},
{
"word": "halpen"
},
{
"word": "hælpan"
}
],
"word": "helpen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for helpen meaning in Middle English (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.